Queen Cleopatra VII Last Pharaoh of Egypt

The last pharaoh of Egypt, Cleopatra VII (69–30 BCE, ruled 51–30 BCE), is among the most recognized of any Egyptian pharaoh by the general public, and yet most of what we 21st-century people know of her are rumors, speculation, propaganda, and gossip. The last of the Ptolemies, she was not a seductress, she did not arrive at Caesars palace wrapped in a carpet, she did not charm men into losing their judgment, she did not die at the bite of an asp, she was not stunningly beautiful. No, Cleopatra was a diplomat, a skilled naval commander, an expert royal administrator, an orator fluent in several languages (among them Parthian, Ethiopian, and the languages of the Hebrews, Arabs, Syrians, and Medes), persuasive and intelligent, and a published medical authority. And when she became pharaoh, Egypt had been under the thumb of Rome for fifty years. Despite her efforts to preserve her country as an independent state or at least a powerful ally, at her death, Egypt became Aegyptus, reduced after 5,000 years to a Roman province. Birth and Family Cleopatra VII was born in early 69 BCE, the second of five children of Ptolemy XII (117–51 BCE), a weak king who called himself the New Dionysos but was known in Rome and Egypt as the Flute Player. The Ptolemaic dynasty was already in shambles when Ptolemy XII was born, and his predecessor Ptolemy XI (died 80 BCE) came to power only with the interference of the Roman Empire under the dictator L. Cornelius Sulla, the first of the Romans to systematically control the destiny of the kingdoms bordering Rome. Cleopatras mother was probably a member of the Egyptian priestly family of Ptah, and if so she was three-quarters Macedonian and one-quarter Egyptian, tracing her ancestry back to two companions of Alexander the Great—the original Ptolemy I and Seleukos I. Her siblings included Berenike IV (who ruled Egypt in the absence of her father but was killed on his return), Arsinoà « IV (Queen of Cyprus and exiled to Ephesos, killed at Cleopatras request), and Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV (both of whom ruled jointly with Cleopatra VII for a time and were killed for her). Becoming Queen In 58 BCE, Cleopatras father Ptolemy XII fled to Rome to escape his angry people in the face of a declining economy and the dawning perception that he was a puppet of Rome. His daughter Berenike IV seized the throne in his absence, but by 55 BCE, Rome (including a young Marcus Antonius, or Mark Antony) reinstalled him, and executed Berenike, making Cleopatra the next in line for the throne. Ptolemy XII died in 51 BCE, and Cleopatra was put on the throne jointly with her brother Ptolemy XIII because there was significant opposition to a woman ruling on her own. Civil war broke about between them, and when Julius Caesar arrived for a visit in 48 BCE it was still ongoing. Caesar spent the winter of 48–47 settling the war and killing off Ptolemy the XIII; he left in the spring after putting Cleopatra on the throne alone. That summer she bore a son she named Caesarion and claimed he was Caesars. She went to Rome in 46 BCE and obtained legal recognition as an allied monarch. Her next visit to Rome came in 44 BCE when Caesar was assassinated, and she attempted to make Caesarion his heir. Alliance with Rome Both political factions at Rome—the assassins of Julius Caesar (Brutus and Cassius) and his avengers (Octavian, Mark Anthony, and Lepidus)—lobbied for her support. She eventually sided with Octavians group. After Octavian took power in Rome, Anthony was named Triumvir of the eastern provinces including Egypt. He began a policy of expanding Cleopatras possessions in the Levant, Asia Minor, and the Aegean. He came to Egypt the winter of 41–40; she bore twins in the spring. Anthony married Octavia instead, and for the next three years, there is almost no information about Cleopatras life in the historical record. Somehow she ran her kingdom and raised her three Roman children, without direct Roman influence. Anthony returned east from Rome in 36 BCE to make an ill-fated attempt to gain Parthia for Rome, and Cleopatra went with him and came home pregnant with her fourth child. The expedition was funded by Cleopatra but it was a disaster, and in disgrace, Mark Anthony returned to Alexandria. He never went back to Rome. In 34, Cleopatras control over the territories that had been claimed by Anthony for her was formalized and her children were designated as rulers of those regions. End of a Dynasty Rome led by Octavian began to see Mark Anthony as a rival. Anthony sent his wife home and a propaganda war about who was Caesars true heir (Octavian or Caesarion) erupted. Octavian declared war on Cleopatra in 32 BC; an engagement with Cleopatras fleet took place off Actium in September of 31. She recognized that if she and her ships stayed in Actium Alexandria would soon be in trouble, so she and Mark Anthony went home. Back in Egypt, she made futile attempts to flee to India and set Caesarion on the throne. Mark Anthony was suicidal, and negotiations between Octavian and Cleopatra failed. Octavian invaded Egypt in summer of 30 BCE. She tricked Mark Anthony into suicide and then recognizing that Octavian was going to put her on exhibition as a captured leader, committed suicide herself. Following Cleopatra After Cleopatras death, her son ruled for a few days, but Rome under Octavian (renamed Augustus) made Egypt a province. The Macedonian/Greek Ptolemies had ruled Egypt from the time of the death of Alexander, in 323 BCE. After two centuries power shifted, and during the reigns of the later Ptolemies Rome became the hungry guardian of the Ptolemaic dynasty. Only tribute paid to the Romans kept them from taking over. With Cleopatras death, the rule of Egypt finally passed to the Romans. Although her son may have held nominal power for a few days beyond Cleopatras suicide, she was the last, effectively ruling pharaoh. Sources: Chauveau M. 2000. Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra: History and Society Under the Ptolemies. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.Chaveau M, editor. 2002. Cleopatra: Beyond the Myth. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Roller DW. 2010. Cleopatra: A Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Argumentative Essay On Homelessness - 1674 Words

Imagine living a life with no water, no food, no shelter, and wearing the same old clothes over and over again for the rest of your life. Suffering those hot summer days’ heat, hurricanes, storms, and just awful weather throughout the year. Seeing people walk by past by you, not noticing you are there but they do. Begging for food when you are hungry but people do not give anything, the only thing you get is judgments. All these things homelessness go through will be something that society will never understand because they are not the ones going through tough life situations. Homelessness circumstances will ever change in our society today if you do not do something about it to support them. About 1.56 million people, or about 0.5% of†¦show more content†¦There has also been a consideration by states to take measures on making drug testing mandatory for welfare recipients including homeless people. Wyoming lawmakers have taken measures of this type of situation. The y had concluded that people who receive help from public assistance or government are not using the money they receive right, they are misusing the government aid. Because of this they decided to cut off some of their benefits that they receive and use for tight state budgets. By doing this, welfare recipients will take notice that by ding drugs and/or alcohol bring no good in them. It will make them take action on what they own and by this it means they will notice that doing drugs it will take away the only help they can get from the government. It will show them that by doing this it has its consequences and to re-gain them it will be hard. They need to start thinking about their families to get them back up in their feet for their sake. But, it has brought the attention that people who are under the help of the public assistance orShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On Homelessness1485 Words   |  6 PagesWill Sather Dr. Cullen EngC 1101: sec 52 31 October 2017 1485 Words Argumentative Essay Draft 2 Although most American citizens do not typically notice government programs in their daily lives, implemented policies have major effects on American citizens. It is estimated that around 1.35 million children suffer from homelessness due to their families living on the streets (Crook). With this massive housing conundrum, the United States government should increase funding for the McKinney-VentoRead MoreHomelessness : An Aspect Of Society1300 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish B: Argumentative Essay Homelessness is an aspect of society, which most people chose not to acknowledge. With the increasing amount of issues the United States faces, homelessness tends to be forgotten when the time comes for the government to establish what issues they should assist. Due to the substantial amount of issues the government concerns itself with, homelessness does not receive the necessary attention required and is improperly handled. In today’s society poverty-stricken individualsRead More Not All Homeless People Are Crazy1336 Words   |  6 Pagesa dark cloud in a blue sky, and in â€Å"Are the Homeless Crazy?† Jonathan Kozol questions the primary cause of homelessness in the United States. Are the homeless people really â€Å"paranoids of the street† and â€Å"among the most difficult to help?† When I read, â€Å"Are the Homeless Crazy?† I was amazed how clearly and skillfully the writer shows the reality, the conditions, and causes of homelessness through presenting an impressive array of statistics and showing the numbers of homeless children. The authorRead MoreArgument On Poverty1572 Words   |  7 PagesCami Tonti Mrs. Miller Language Arts Argumentative Essay December 6th, 2017 Poverty Is Ruling The Earth Half of the world, or about 3 billion people, live off of $2.50 or less a day. Additionally, according to UNICEF, approximately 22,000 children under the age of five, die every day from poverty. Something has to be done about this worldwide crisis of poverty, but no matter how hard we try calamity lingers. Poverty has been subjugating the Earth for years, obliterating families, jobs, andRead MoreThe Profession of Architecture2117 Words   |  9 PagesWrite an argumentative essay of at least 2000 words on an issue related to the role of the profession of Architecture or Interior Architects The role in architecture in order to combat the possibility of natural disasters is varied when it comes to rebuilding and housing before, after and during the natural disasters. Their essential knowledge and invaluable skills about, building materials, design and attention to detail is imperative in the prevention of damage to buildings. However, unlessRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagessolvers and decision makers who prefer to deal with technical tasks and straightforward, prescribed problems rather than social or interpersonal issues. They excel at problems that have one correct answer. Multiple-choice exams are preferred over essay exams. Research has suggested that these individuals are inclined toward careers in technology, engineering, and law. In college, students with a knowing style tend to major in the physical sciences, engineering, law, and computers. In business, they

Policing Free Essays

CRJ 110 Chapter 6 Assignment 3 Jerome Skolnick developed a profile for the â€Å"working personality† of police officers. His theory is that all officers have â€Å"distinct cognitive tendencies†, or they all possess certain traits in the way that they think. The three elements of the police personality that he focuses on are danger, authority and efficiency. We will write a custom essay sample on Policing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Observers of the police have noted that individuals who are more â€Å"cynical, authoritative, suspicious, brutal† seem more likely to become officers. Others argue that the nature of the job will turn an average person into a person with the police personality. One of the most well known studies of the police personality is that of Jerome Skolnick. Skolnick focuses on three elements of his profile of the â€Å"working personality† as he refers to it. The three elements are danger, authority, and efficiency. The working personality develops with danger. Danger makes the officer more suspicious of people that they think might be committing crimes. This ties into the theory of the text that the career of a police officer attracts people who are more suspicious and cynical than average. When danger and authority are mixed they can make the officer feel isolated in the community. People in the community can feel disconnected from the police because of the power that officers possess. This leads to officers feeling that they have to protect each other and to the use of deception by officers. The â€Å"blue wall of silence† is a term used to describe a situation where an officer is expected to back up a fellow officers story, even if they do not agree with what happened. Police say that deception is necessary in their job in order to be an efficient officer. Lying is a way for an officer to get around restrictions in place by the courts and get the criminal off the streets. Some officers believe that the law favors the criminal. A situation where an officer may feel the need to lie would be an instance where the exclusionary rule prevented them from obtaining or using evidence that was the product of an illegal search. An officer could lie and say that they were acting in â€Å"good faith†, and the evidence could be allowed in court. Classifying a police officers personality into the profile of either a working or police personality is a way to understand how and why an officer may be making the decisions that are being made and how they approach their work. Its a way of thinking about all the factors that make up police work, and its helpful to think about the fact that police work attracts a certain type of person more than another, and this personality is what makes a successful officer. How to cite Policing, Papers

Music Compare and Contrast free essay sample

Since the beginning of time, many bands and artists have helped shape the way people live. Thirty Seconds to Mars. With lead singer Jarred Let, is a very successful pop-rock band. Starting in 1998, the members of this band did not have it easy. Neither did Ludwig van Beethoven who grew to be one of the most successful composers of all time. Taking in the world and challenges around them, both of these artists overcame many obstacles to become what they are known for. Their fans have followed and have been inspired by them. The band Thirty Seconds to Mars andLudwig van Beethoven came from two different eras and have rough times in their youth but overcame to succeed in the music world. [Ludwig] Beethovens father, Johann, left many unpleasant memories In his sons existence. Undoubtedly talented, Johann was not only incapable of being a positive influence on his genius sons education, but, at times, he was outright prejudicial (Beethovens Childhood). We will write a custom essay sample on Music Compare and Contrast or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Beethoven showed interest in music as it ran In the family. His father was his first music teacher and was extremely strict about his musical education. HIS mother was sweet and kind. Despite his fathers strict musical teachings, the family was well and lived in a fruitful atmosphere. As Beethoven lived in a well-off home, Jarred Let (lead singer of Thirty Seconds to Mars) was not so well off. Growing up in Louisiana, his parents divorced at an early age and he and his brother lived with their mother. Jarred and his brother, Shannon, did not stay close to their father, but just a few years after the divorce, their father died. While growing up, they moved around the country to stay close to their mothers father, who was in the Alarm Force.Shreds first Job was as a dishwasher at a local assistant at age twelve so he could help provide for his family. Jarred dropped out of high school in the tenth grade, but a few years later, he returned determined to study and continue his education. Ludwig Beethoven thrived in his education. Even as a child he stood apart through a rare capacity to focus and through his Introvert nature (Beethovens Childhood). At such a young age, Beethoven showed great intelligence and promise in his education.He went to school until his was ten, but it was said that the years he spent in school did not give him much knowledge. Though at Just the age of ten, e was not able to continue In school anymore due to his family; they were beginning to struggle financially because of his father being an alcoholic. Even though he was not going to school anymore, Ludwig continued his musical education, with his father teaching him day and night. Without a doubt, the child was gifted and his father, Johann, envisioned creating a new Mozart, a child prodigy (Biography: Beethovens Life). At the age of Just 7 h the child gave his first performance at Cologne and soon after, Beethoven began his studies with teacher, Christian Gotten Neff. This was the teacher that taught him musical composition. Four years later, Beethoven wrote his first published composition which was for keyboard variations. Beethovens music came to him, while Jarred Let came to become the lead singer in a band in different ways. He continued his education at Philadelphia university of I OFF Arts and went into acting. After he graduated he went to Los Angles, but wanted to try music.He did some small part-time acting roles, but never anything big. Jarred and his brother Shannon decided to get together and form a band as a family project Ninth some of their close friends. The named the band Thirty Seconds to Mars. For us, he name Thirty Seconds To Mars has little to do with space, the universe, or anything like that. It is a name that works on several different levels. Most importantly, it is a DOD representation of our sound. Its a phrase that is lyrical, suggestive, cinematic, and filled with immediacy, said Jarred Let about the name they chose for their band Elite).In 1787 Beethoven went to Vienna to study with the great Mozart. When Mozart saw him perform he exclaimed, Keep your eyes on him; some day he will give the Nor something to talk about. This great artist was right, but shortly after coming to Vienna, Beethoven rushed back home for his mother fell ill. She died a few months later which sent her son into depression. The depression however, did not last and Beethoven continued carrying on as a puns musician. In 1790, Beethoven, Just 19 years old, received a remarkable honor of composing a musical memorial for the death of the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II.Ninth no reasons known, this piece was never played. However, more than a century later, Johannes Brahms discovered that Beethoven had in fact composed a beautiful and noble piece of music entitled Cantata on the Death of Emperor Joseph II. It is owe considered his earliest masterpiece (Biography). Just under two decades old, this man was pronouncing himself in the world. As Mozart said before, he was giving the world amazing music to talk about. It took the band Thirty Seconds to Mars and lead singer, Jarred Let a little longer to give the modern day world music to talk about.The band took a year to find a studio to support them. In 1998, the band signed a contract with Immortal and Virgin. Rehire first album was set to be released in 2002, but before that the band, Puddle of Mud, asked for them to Join their six week tour around the country in the spring. Hairy Seconds to Mars went and this was good promotion for the album released August later that same year. When you look at the music from Thirty Seconds to Mars, it is a mix of mostly rock Ninth some pop. Many of their songs tell about experiences in a metaphoric way.Their first album, self-titled: Thirty Seconds to Mars, was released in 2002. Jarred Let wrote and composed all the songs on this album pulling inspiration from his youth and the Nor around him. He explained in one interview, Everything on this album is about real human experiences. That is the single most inspiring source for us, the human trudge. Lyrically, its a very personal album that sometimes uses otherworldly elements or conceptual ideas to illustrate a truthful personal situation. The opening track is Capricorn (A Brand New Name).It speaks of renewal. Another song, Fallen, is about escape. But as with all songs, people intemperate them differently and the band and Jarred explain, But Id rather let people take their own understanding and meaning from the song. I think that is one of the exciting things about music, the interpretation, from individual to individual and how it can change so much (Let). Beethoven was making a name for himself throughout Europe. At school, he easily classical restraint of Haydn and Mozart, yet there were always flashes of what was to come.The emotion he displayed while playing his own music was unheard of in his day, and the fiery intensity of his early Piano Sonata in C minor, know was the Pathetic is one of the first works in which Beethoven gives vent to his own dramatic musical voice (Sharpen). Ludwig Beethoven wrote many compositions for the piano and violin as these were popular instruments that people in the home were playing for family and friends. He quickly grew to be a household name and was looked upon as a star.