Analysing a web based company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Analysing a web based company - Essay Example Business Planning, Retail Growth Strategy, Meal Plan Strategy, Sourcing and Procurement Strategy, Concept Development, Health and Well-Being Strategy, Information Systems Strategy, Food Facilities Planning and Design. Accommodation and food services makes up about 8.1 percent of all employment. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Employment in the accommodation and food services industries is predicted to grow 18% between 2002 and 2012, adding more than 1.6 million new jobs. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Of the 8,740,000 total workers employed in the accommodation and food services industry in 2003, 5,343,000 works full-time (61%), while 3,397,000 work part-time (39%). (Annual average for 2003, according to the Current Population Survey, a joint project of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and Census Bureau). The Total Industry Investment is $1,765,000 and the total leveraged resources are $5,900,000. Profit and average room rate at the UK's chain hotels continued to increase in November, according to the latest HotStats survey from TRI Hospitality Consulting. Across the total UK sample of 462 hotels, income before fixed charges (IBFC) - also known as gross operating profit - rose by 5.6 per cent to 52.81 per available room. Average room rate increased by 7.4 per cent to 95.03 in November, a similar rate of growth to the 7.2 per cent achieved during the year so far. In London, profit grew by 7.9 per cent to 82.19 per available room. London's hoteliers continued to achieve rate growth at near annual levels with an 8.9 per cent increase taking average room rate to a new high of 125.85. - Jonathan Langston, UK Chain Hotels Market Review November 2007 | TRI Hospitality, www.trihc.com Villa's Market in Florida Florida property values vary greatly depending on where you are buying. A four-bedroom, three-bathroom Florida villa in Tallahassee will cost around $275,000 whereas a similar property in Key West will cost nearer to $4 million. The Florida villa rental market is thriving because of the popularity of the sunshine state with tourists and also the growth of commerce-based localities such as Miami. Zoning restrictions on the Gulf and Atlantic coasts have pushed up the price of Florida villa rental in those regions. The average weekly rent in West Palm Beach is $1587 and $1431 in Miami. The lower costs in Orlando, a ready-made tenant base, means it may offer the best investment opportunities in the market for Florida villa rental. Florida has a number of the fastest growing property markets in the US with price rises of 36% in Naples and 28% in Orlando in recent years. The growth of the Florida property market has meant there has been a shortage of properties in some areas. This has been met by developers seemingly building a Florida villa on every spare piece of land they can find. The Florida property market now appears to be experiencing an overall slow-down with less developments being planned and prices growing at a slower rate. Mortgage rates are expected to rise in the future, pushing up the cost

The Role of Communication and Personality in Negotiation Research Paper

The Role of Communication and Personality in Negotiation - Research Paper Example The paper tells that one of the greatest successful negotiations in history is the Israeli Armistice Agreement in 1949 between Israel and its neighbors. After Israel had attained its independence in 1948, it was invaded by its neighbors led by Egypt. The negotiation was led by a black American known as Ralph Bunch, who had grown up under segregation for his color. At the beginning of the negotiation, neither party could even look or talk to the other. It was somewhat a miracle that the negotiation was a success in the end. Over the period of 6 months that the negotiation took place; Ralph managed to break down the conflict into manageable bits to be worked on differently in order to lessen the work. The strategy he used was starting with the easier bits as a way of building trust with the parties and then, later on, got into the hard bits. Every time the parties arrived at an agreement, Ralph would make sure that an agreement was signed just to ensure that the parties get into the ha bit of signing agreements. An example of one of the greatest failures in the history of negotiations would be the Geneva nuclear talks between Iran and the Western powers. The talk was between Iran and the so-called P5 + 1 group of world powers. The negotiations finally came to a halt when French walked out of the negotiations with the reason that they needed to get some form of control of the nuclear power. Over the past ten years, there have been a lot of negotiations between the Western powers and Iran on nuclear power. All the negotiations were never a success due to the fact that Iran always got the raw end of the deal. As much as Iran was willing to make a number of concessions, the Western powers, on the other hand, were not so lenient. The negotiation was more one-sided in terms of the concessions. Despite the unfairness, Iran was still willing to sign the deal. However, the Western powers still walked out of the negotiation with a number of excuses, which were quashed by th e Russian negotiators.

Coca Cola And Its Activities Marketing Essay

Coca Cola And Its Activities Marketing Essay Abstract This report takes the reader through Coca-cola and its activities and how it has been able to maintain sales despite the economic recession. It examines how three aspects of consumer behaviour -motivation, attitude, the buying process have an effect on the sales of Coca-cola within the Europe market and thereby immune to the economic recession. Chapter one gives a background into Coca-colas history and operations both in the national and international market. It also presents an overview of the soft drink industry in Great Britain, concentrating on Coke as an industry leader. It further talks on the economic recession and its effect on Great Britain. Chapter two discusses three consumer behaviour aspects motivation, attitude and the buying process- on how it made the coca-cola industry immune to the economic recession in the Great Britain. The conclusion of this paper ends with a summary that discusses the whole paper and propose recommendations for the brand as a whole. CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction A consumer is a person who spots a need or desire, and then looks for the best way to satisfy his or her need either by purchase or acquisition (Solomon et al, 2010). Consumer behaviour as defined by Solomon et al (2006) is the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs or desires. Customer retention is vital these days and organisations are looking for the best way to please and satisfy the interest of their consumers. According to Fill (2009), the understanding of the buyers behaviour makes marketing strategies and plan come out successful. The Coca-Cola Company is soft drink industry that has been able to build its brand loyalty with its consumers over its years of operation, despite the highly competitive market (Euromonitor, 2010). But this success would not have been realistic without understanding who the consumer is, what the consumer needs and how the consumer behaves. The Econo mic recession was a trying time for companies which led to the closures of some and loss for majority, the soft drink industry is not an exception and Coca- cola which falls under the soft drink industry will be analysed on how effective the management of their consumers was to in ensuring their survival in the recession. 1.1 A brief summary of The Coca- Cola operations The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) is the largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of non alcoholic beverage, concentrates and syrups in the world. Coca-cola has a portfolio of more than 3,300 beverages, from diet and regular sparkling beverages to still beverages such as 100 percent fruit juices and fruit drinks, waters, sports and energy drinks, teas and coffees, and milk-and soy-based beverages, which are now sold in more than 200 countries in the world. (Coca-cola, 2010). ) Coca- cola first got to Britain in the year 1900, after Charles Candler brought a jug of syrup along on a visit to England. Soon after, in the early 1920s, it went on sale at the London Coliseum and in Selfridges. Since then coca-cola Britain has come up with innovative soft drinks namely: Coca-cola; Diet Coke; Coca-cola zero; Sprite; Sprite zero; Fanta;Fanta Zero; 5 Alive; Schweppes; Schweppes zero; Powerade; Powerade zero; Kia ora; Kia ora(no added sugar); Dr. Pepper; Dr. Pepper zero; Lilt; Lilt Zero; Oasis; Oasis extra light; Glaceau vitamin water and Relentless. (Coca-cola, 2010) With about 4,650 employees, Coca-cola GB claims to have sold 228million cases in 2008. Pic. 1.1 The Coca-Cola Company Great Britain brands Available on this link- http://www.coca-cola.co.uk/brands/ 1.2 An overview of the soft drink industry in Great Britain Mintel (2010) stated that close to one-quarter of companies in the UK soft drinks market is growing at more than 10% per year. Some of the main players in the UK soft drink industry include Coca-cola, Pepsi cola UK, Tropical UK, Nestle UK etc to mention but a few. The British Soft Drinks Associations 2010 UK Soft Drinks Report found that the overall market grew by 1.7% in 2009, with total consumption reaching 14,140 million litres, at a retail value of  £13.224 billion (Mintel, 2010). The British Soft Drinks Assocaition (2010) stated that it was encouraging to see that the soft drinks market was holding up during the economic downturn. According to mintel (2010), for the second year running, Coca-cola topped interbrands best global brands table, placing it above its competitors in the soft drink industry. The coca-cola company has continued to focus on expanding its business through taking tactical places in niche soft drinks producers, by purchasing a stake in UK smoothie producer , Innocent Drinks (Euromonitor, 2010). 1.3 The recession in United Kingdom Recessions occur during the down or contraction phase of the business cycle. The term business cycle refers to the familiar ups and downs of economic activity. (Pearce and Michael 2006). Furthermore, Pearce and Micheal (2006) opined that recessions cause significant declines in resources available to the firm because customers spend less, lenders lend less, and competitive rivalry increases. Initially, the behaviour of consumers changes during recessions. They have less money to spend and cut back personal spending in response to the overall decline in economic activity. Industrial and business customers may become disloyal, demand renegotiated contract terms, and alter purchase patterns. Also by Pride and Ferrell (1995), recession is a stage in the business cycle during which unemployment rises and total buying power declines, stifling both consumers and business peopless propensity to spend. The UK economy was growing faster than the average for the Euro zone throughout most of this decade. However, an abrupt slowdown began in 2008 and the economy entered a recession in the third quarter. According to Euromonitor (2010), real GDP fell by 4.9% in 2009, making this the UKs longest post-war recession. The UK has been harder hit than many countries because of its large financial sector. The fiscal position has deteriorated over the past several years. The deficit was pushed even higher as a result of the bailout of large banks. The number of unemployed also rose by 50% during the recession with 800,000 jobs being lost (Euromonitor, 2010). The recession led to business closures, job losses and a lack of employment opportunities in the UK (Athey, 2009). This first global recession in the new era of globalization, started in the US, spread to Europe, and eventually became global; its the worst economic crisis since the great depression. (Stiglitz, 2009). 1.4 The Coca-Cola Company and the recession TCCCs gross profit margin decreased to 64.2 percent in 2009 from 64.4 percent in 2008, primarily due to foreign currency fluctuations, unfavourable geographic mix as a result of growth in their emerging and developing markets, and current focus to drive greater affordability initiatives across many key markets, unfavourable channel and product mix in certain key markets, and the sale of certain bottling operations in 2008 (Coca-cola, 2010). Even though there was a slight decrease (0.2%) in their profit margin compared to the previous year, TCCC arguably performed well despite the economic downturn. Coca-cola unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures trends at the consumer level. In Europe, the sales volume of year ended 2009 versus year ended 2008 shows that the unit case volume in Europe decreased 1 percent, primarily attributable to the ongoing difficult macroeconomic conditions throughout most of Europe. These difficult macroeconomic conditions impacted a number of key markets and contributed to unit case volume declines of 8 percent in South and Eastern Europe, 4 percent in Iberia and 2 percent in Germany. The volume declines in these markets were partially offset by 6 percent unit case volume growth in France and 4 percent growth in Great Britain.(Coca-cola, 2010). Great Britain which is the main focus of this study has shown that the recession did not affect the sales volume. Table below shows the financial data of The Coca-cola Company year ended December. Table 1.1- Financial overview of The Coca-Cola Company Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 (In millions except per share data) SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS Net operating revenues $ 30,990 $ 31,944 $ 28,857 $ 24,088 $ 23,104 Net income attributable to shareholders 6,824 5,807 5, 981 5, 080 5, 872 GROSS PROFIT 19,902 20,570 18,451 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 64.2% 64.4% 63.9% PER SHARE DATA Basic net income $ 2.95 $ 2.51 $ 2.59 $ 2.16 $ 2.04 Diluted net income 2.93 2.49 2.57 2.16 2.04 Cash dividends 1.64 1.52 1.36 1.24 1.12 BALANCE SHEET DATA Total assets $ 48,671 $ 40,519 $ 43,269 $ 29,963 $ 29,427 Long-term debt 5,059 2,781 3,277 1,314 1,154 1.5 Scope of Study The interest of this study lies mainly with The Coca-cola Company, focusing on Coca-cola Great Britain as the scope of study. This study also examines the level at which the recession affected the sales in coca-cola and the consumers attitude towards the purchase of coca-cola. 1.6 Definition of terms/operational definitions To avoid ambiguity and distortions in meaning, the following terms are being described. Ltd Limited Unit case-means a unit of measurement equal to 192 U.S. fluid ounces of finished beverage (24 eight-ounce servings); (Coca-cola, 2010) Unit case volume- means the number of unit cases of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company to customers. (Coca-cola, 2010) TCCC- The Coca-Cola Company CHAPTER TWO 2.0 Key Consumer Behaviour Aspects According to British Soft Drinks Association, (2010), Consumers are loyal to the drinks they know and trust but remain open to innovative products and brand extensions which meet their ever-evolving needs. The industrys ability to provide the public with a wide range of enjoyable and affordable drinks will ensure it remains resilient despite the tough economic climate. Three key consumer aspects have been carefully selected from Jiang (2010) as explained in the Consumer Behaviour Lectures; The following aspect of the consumer behaviour may have influenced the continuous purchase of coca-cola products despite the economic downturn- the buying process, attitude and motivation. 2.1 The Buying process A buying decision making process is the selection of an option from two or more alternative choices (Jiang, 2010). Coca-colas consumers can be explained in Consumer as a Problem Solver (Habitual Decision Maker). A habitual decision maker makes choices that are characterised by an impulse made with little effort and without conscious control (Solomon et al, 2006). Coca-colas brands are low involvement products and so require little information search. Most decisions made by people who consume coca-cola are with little or no conscious effort. Coca-cola consumers purchase Coke for example based on a habit that has been formed over time. Also the Evaluation of alternatives can be used to explain the brands resistance to the recession, much of the consumers effort that goes into a purchase decision develops at the stage in which a choice must be made from the accessible alternatives (Solomon et al, 2006). In many cases, there are a number of alternatives (such as water, soft drink or alcohol) a consumer could consider in satisfying a biogenic need, i.e. to conquer thirst. A consumer that has formed a habit overtime to purchase Diet Coke for example will always have in mind a diet coke whenever hes thirsty. The choice a consumer makes over other alternatives is determined by the product qualities. Branding can also be an influence on the evaluation of alternatives. In a survey of Global Brands, Inter Brand and Business Week identified the significance for companies to create communities around their products and services, which gives the customers the opportunity to feel as if they own the brand (Solomon et al, 2006). Fill (2009) also supported that as a brand becomes established with a buyer, so the psychological benefits of ownership are preferred to competing offerings, and a form of relationship emerges Coke is not only seen as a drink by its consumers, but seen in the light of its heritage and relationship with them( Payne,2007). Brands also create impressions and strong feelings so much that when people see the coke bottle with its red label, and the content, people suddenly feel thirsty and the need to have a drink (Riesenbeck and Perrey, 2007) According to Mintel, (2010), the Interbrand ranked Coca-cola as the number one global brand in the year 2009 and 2010 respectively. Brands can influence a consumers choice in a decision making process, in a study conducted, 51percent of consumers preferred Pepsi over Coke , while in an open test, only 23percent preferred Pepsi over coke(Jenkinson, 1995). In my opinion, Coca-cola consumers have developed a relationship with the brand, which makes the m to choose coca-colas brands amongst all other alternatives even in a recession. The economic downturn did not affect consumers choices, habits did not change despite the recession; coca-cola consumers did not change their product preferences because a habit has been formed over time. Table 2.1 Buying Decision making process Evaluations After purchase behaviour/feeling Involvement Information search Need recognition Need Purchase Decision Identity Alternatives Source- (Jiang, 2010) 2.2 Attitude Formation and change Attitude is a persons learned predisposition, tendency to respond to an object in a consistently favourable or unfavourable way (Allport, 1935) as cited by (Jiang, 2010). An attitude formed, lasts over a period of time, an attitude towards what a person eats or drink or developing an attitude towards different brands (such as drinking diet Coke rather than drinking diet Pepsi) or also having an attitude towards a general consumption pattern(such as eating twice to eating once in a day) (Solomon et al, 2006). The Utilitarian Function which is related to the basic principles of reward and punishment will be used to explain why TCCC was not entirely affected by recession. Attitudes are formed based on the presumed product qualities (either pleasure or pain) (Solomon et al, 2006). Attitudes influence a consumers decision making and the goal of a marketer is always to create a positive attitude towards a product or change existing attitudes (Fill, 2009). In a recent research conducted by TCCC to evaluate consumers attitudes towards its brands, it revealed that coca-cola is the brand most associated with happiness (Coca-cola, 2010). The result of the survey revealed that over a half of the people that participated in the research said its the taste that makes them smile others said sharing a bottle of coca-cola with family and friends can provide an opportunity to spend time together (Coca-cola, 2010). Coca-cola consumers have developed an attitude overtime, so the recession would not change their product preference but might just alter their consumption pattern (such as reducing the intake of one three bottles per day to two bottles per day). The theme of the TCCC also stresses straight forward benefits (Coca-cola.Open Happiness). Attitudes towards coca-cola could also be formed by the yearly coca-cola adverts, as supported by Pearce and Micheal (2006) aggressive marketing campaigns may be more effective during recessions, as competitors feeling the pinch might attempt to forestall losses by reducing their advertising. During the recession, TCCC, engaged in massive paid advertising to reinforce their brands in the minds of the consumers. Also towards the end of each year, coca-cola does an advert, using the Christmas theme to convey its message to its viewers. The viewers feelings about the context in which an advertisement appears can also influence brand attitudes (Solomon et al, 2006). Liking this Christmas themed adverts would naturally link us to Attitude Formation (three hierarchies of effects), Affect, Behaviour and Beliefs. Affect (like the brand), behaviour (buy the brand), belief (feel satisfied with the brand) or belief (create awareness of the brand), behaviour (buy the brand), affect (like the bra nd) or belief (create awareness of the brand), affect (like the brand), behaviour (buy the brand). Attitude formed over time influences a consumers purchase behaviour, in spite of the recession, it can be argued that the attitude of the coca-colas consumers did not change, and there was a continual process in consumers purchase pattern. Coca-cola was not so affected by the recession because of the consumers attitudes towards their products Table 2.2 Three Hierarchies of Effects Attitudes based on cognitive information processing Affect Attitudes based on behavioural learning processes Behaviour Behaviour Behaviour Beliefs vvv Beliefs vvv Beliefs vvv Attitudes based on hedonic consumption Affect Affect Source- (Jiang, 2010) 2.3 Motivation Motivation is the driving force within individuals that impels them to action, this driving force is produced by a state of tension which exists as the result of an unfilled need (Jaing 2010). Every action is done for a reason. Motivation refers to the process that cause people to behave as they do, motivation occurs when a need (Utilitarian-consumers practical benefits or Hedonic-consumers emotional benefits) is aroused that the consumers wishes to satisfy. The desired end- state is the consumers goal. The degree of arousal is called a drive (Solomon et al, 2006). The purpose of purchasing a drink would be to satisfy a biogenic need, i.e. to conquer thirst. For a consumer to now choose a diet coke because hes thirsty is called psychogenic. Coca-cola motivates its consumers through its themed message (Open Happiness), and this can be explained in the hedonic needs (Consumers emotional benefits) The survey TCCC conducted for their consumers shows that the taste of coca-cola makes them happy. What motivates a consumer might be different compared to the other consumer. A regular coke consumer willing to reduce his sugar consumption will be happy to switch to coke zero which has no sugar and less calories. Also viewing it from the Consumer involvement angle, TCCC also motivates its consumers by connecting with millions of them every day through their brands Facebook pages, Twitter and influential blogs, creating a dialogue that allows TCCC to build their brand assets and strengthen their consumer relationships. Solomon, (2006) defines involvement as a persons perceived relevance of the object based on his/her inherent needs, values, and interests. Through this Fans page on facebook, consumers can access their advertisements, Coca-Cola applications and downloads, and get live updates from the Company. Also TCCC involves their consumers through the Coca-Cola Freestyle, this makes the consumers beverage innovators by giving them choices and variety to make more than 1 00 different branded beverages at the touch of a button, this provides fun, and a relationship that connects the company with its consumers. (Coca-cola, 2010). The recession did not really affect TCCCs sales because of the motivation TCCC tries to create and the relationship they have been able to build with their consumers. CONCLUSION 3.1 Conclusion Understanding consumers behaviour is key for a successful company; marketers need to deepen their research on their consumers because the consumers are becoming aware of the important role they play in their consumption pattern. Competitors are always also looking for tactics to grow and influence new consumers, and any organisation that does not meet up with consumers expectations would be losing a consumer. Companies should look for ways to retain their current customers and also focus on getting new ones attracting new customers should be a priority in a recession (Pearce and Michael 2006). Organisations should actively engage their customers more than before. INTRODUCTION There has been an ongoing concern about the impact of economic impact on the environment,(Peattie, 1995). Nations are getting aware of the need to save the planet, and make it conducive for both humans and the animals. In the year 2000, the beginning of a new century, the nations came together to form the Millennium Development Goals and conducted a millennium Ecosystem Assessment (A four year research project to access the health of the natural environment, the impact of human development on natural systems and their ability to support life and provide ecosystem services) (Belz and Peattie, 2009). In 2005, the results of the United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was released, this revealed that 60% of world ecosystem services have been degraded and species extinctions are running at between 100 and 1000 times the natural background rate, it was also revealed that they were losses in the diversity of life on earth but gains in human well-being and economic growth and the burning of Fossil fuels to provide much of the energy that drove our economies was the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Changes in our climate will have a profound impact on the distribution and availability of water supplies and food productions supplies and immense loss of species. (Belz and Peattie, 2009). To save the planet, conscious efforts have to be made, and so industries, business, consumers and nations have realized that if we do not save the world, then one day the planet will not be able to save us. Using the Triple bottom Line approach, discuss what is sustainability marketing and why should marketers be concerned with CSR and sustainability issues? Before going into sustainability marketing we need to define marketing, marketing consists of individuals and organisations on activities that facilitate and expedite satisfying exchange relationships in a dynamic environment through the creation, distribution, promotion and pricing of goods and services and ideas (Pride and Ferrell, 1993). Sustainability marketing as defined by Belz and Peattie (2009) refers to planning, organising, implementing and controlling marketing resources and programmes to satisfy consumers wants and needs, while considering social and environment criterion and meeting corporate objectives This definition is very broad because it has covered the Triple Bottom line People (consumers), Planet (Environment) and Profit (Corporate objectives). In straightforward terms, Sustainability Marketing has been defined by Belz and Peattie (2009) as the building and sustainable relationships with consumers, the social environment and the natural environment. The Triple Bottom line (3PL) is a very important approach when discussing sustainability a positive 3PL reflects an increase in the companys value, including both its profitability and shareholder value and its social, human and environmental capital (Savitz and Weber 2006), they consists of Environmental Performance which is the planet and the way which we give and receive from the planet; Social performance, which is the people that constitutes the planet and consume different products and services, also emphasizes on satisfying different stakeholders, Being connected and responsive to shareholders, suppliers, communities and customers is the foundation of sustainability (Henrique and Richardson, 2004) and the; Economic performance or organisational goals which is the profit and the main aim of setting up an organisation (Leonidou, 2010). People A sustainability marketers aim is to meet the needs and wants of a sustainable consumer. Belz and Peattie (2009) supported this by saying consumers purchasing behaviour will determine the success or failure of new products and services that are marketed on the basis of their sustainability performance. Understanding the behaviour and buying process is also relevant for the sustainable marketer. The process which includes the recognition of need and want e.g. biological needs like food and drink to information search i.e. checking for information about the products, maybe its sustainable or not, to evaluation of alternatives i.e. a choice between two retailers to purchase i.e. buying of the product to the usage of the product (for a sustainable product, the use phase will generate more environmental impacts than non sustainable products) and finally post use which is the recycling, reselling or reproducing strategies, all used to reduce waste to land fill. (Belz and Peattie, 2009). Segmenting and understanding the consumers is really important for a sustainable marketer. They must understand the consumer they are sending the message to, according to the segments as identified by Belz and Peattie (2009), they are the Greens-this are the true greens, they understand and well educated about the sustainability issues and they consume green products. Consumers with a conscience-they want to be seen as green Wastage focused-they have good knowledge of pollution and wastage but lack awareness of other issues and behaviours and believe to be ethical currently constrained-they like to be sustainable but cant do much in their current circumstances, Basic contributors-they have relatively little knowledge of interest in environment issues and behaviours, Long term restricted- they have other priorities to consider before they can consider their environmental issues Disinterested-they may be aware of the sustainability issues, but they cannot be bothered as this has not affected current decision making processes. The segmentation allows a marketer to strategise a message to its different target so as to achieve its organisational goals. Profit The economic performance of a company is determined by the products and services offered to its consumers and how it has been accepted. The main of a company is to make profit, but the production process and post -post production process determines how sustainable a product/ organisation is. Belz and Peattie, (2009) further said that The underlying values of sustainability marketing should reflect the visions, missions, philosophies or principles of the company. Savitz and Weber (2006) identified 3 ways sustainability enhances your business (I) protecting the business-This includes risk of harm to the consumers, employees and the community, identifying emerging risks and management failures early. (II)Running the business-eco-efficiency, this includes reducing costs, improving productivity, eliminating needless waste and obtaining access to capital at a reduced cost, (III) growing the business-opening new markets and attracting consumers who are sustainable and increasing market shar e. Planet Environmental performance is the planet we occupy, and also the source of renewable (air, water, food) and non renewable resources (stone, metals, fossil fuel etc) (Belz and Peattie, 2009). Organisations are now more concerned with the use of critical substances and energy consumption, production processes, packaging and recycling of products to reduce the negative impacts the economy has had on the planet, solutions were implemented in the production process to reduce pollution and Co2 emissions. Corporate social responsibility has defined by European commission in (Belz and Peattie, 2009) is a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with stakeholders on a voluntary basis. In contrast to the definition above the World Business Council for sustainable Development separated the corporate social responsibility, corporate financial responsibility and corporate environment responsibility and put them under one umbrella which is Corporate Responsibility (Belz and Peattie, 2009). CSR is now gaining momentum in different organisations and the need to showcase and publish their environmental and social acts is rising. Consumers are equally aware of these activities and tend to build their loyalty with socially responsible organisations. Marketers now should be concerned with CSR and sustainability issues, because the world is moving and every consumer now is informed about the environment and how they need to be sustainable to save the planet. Harnes (1982) as cited in Peattie (1995) further explained that the successful company is the one which is the first to identify emerging consumer needs and to offer product improvements which satisfy those needs; the successful marketer spots a new trend early and then leads it. Marketers must key into this new trend which can be identified as CSR and sustainability, being socially and environmentally responsible is very important and marketers must continue to emphasize this in their organisation to the top management. Sustainability and CSR should be involved in an organisations values and goals; it should not be seen as a tactic to manipulate consumers sustainability concern to just make profit (Peattie, 1995). Critics of Sustainability Savitz and Weber (2006) have identified critics of sustainability from two camps (The cynics and the sceptics). The cynics concluded that the Sustainability movement as mere hype The cynics would always want the government to take responsibility in the environment rather than depending on the corporations to change themselves. They also argue that the corporations deliberately improved their environmental performance mainly for financial purposes. The sceptics condemn the concept of sustainable business on the grounds that business leaders have no concern with environment or social responsibility, their goal is to make profit, and if their aim is not moved from that, the world will be better off. From the criticism, no one can say whether the critics are right or not, even though todays efforts towards sustainability seems to be inadequate, that doesnt mean it should be stopped, sustainability has to work. The industries might be aiming at profit, its a step by step approach and no contribution is too small, if all industries are genuinely sustainable, the world will be a better place. Analyse the factors that contributed to the marketing success of FIJI water? Fiji Waters (FW) expansion into US market was based on the successful marketing mix campaign to penetrate the market. At the time, it made its entry into the US mar

The Obese Children of Today Essay -- Health Obesity Overweight Essays

The Obese Children of Today What I know about obese children is that they are very unhealthy and that their chances of living a long productive life is practically obsolete. Ihave imagined many stereotypical things about these obese children. For instance, I believed that the obese child got to be how they are from their own good will. I also assumed that the obese child was a lazy individual with no sense of direction, simply an individual with no discipline and with low self-esteem. I thought of them as being eating machines with no self-control. In essences I felt that these obese children have given up in living a normal life (normal being what we as a society consider to be our mainstream). I was completely blinded that the blame should be placed on the child and on the parent for lack of effort in their part to stop the condition of being obese. As I began to do my research on obese children in the Internet, I came to the realization of a tremendous amount of information, which seem to be useless in that specific point of time. The way I began was by choosing a web browser, which there were a few to choose from. I decided to first choose Yahoo, and on Yahoo's searcher I placed the tittle of obese children, which to my surprise gave an enormous amount of sites to go into, in fact it gave me over two-million sites to go into. I began to start reading the tittles to see which one came closer to my need. I began to become enormously frustrated with the search because none of the tittles that I read was to my liking. Further and further I went and yet no paradise and finally I came to a tittle that interested me, but to my regret the site was not what I needed. Finally, after my disillusion of not finding what I wanted i... ... stereotypes came crumbling down. Yes, it may seem that we are trying to find a way to blame someone or something else for being overweight, but that is not the case because children are just not active any more and if that inactivity continues we are just asking for many problems to come in the future. Works Cited Belfry, John. Child & Family. "Canadian Children Face Activity and Fitness Crisis" http://www.cfc.ca/docs/00000946.html12/1/98 Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness. "Fitness, Activity, and sports participation in the Preschool Child (RE9265)" http://www.aap.org/policy/05043.htm12/1/98 Gidding, Samuel S. MD. AHA Medical/Scientific Statement. "Understanding Obesity in Youth" http://www.amhrt.org/Scientific/statements/1998/1202.html#B18 12/2/98 Life Skills for Vocational Success. http://www.workshopsinc.com/manual/Chp6/1.html 12/2/98 The Obese Children of Today Essay -- Health Obesity Overweight Essays The Obese Children of Today What I know about obese children is that they are very unhealthy and that their chances of living a long productive life is practically obsolete. Ihave imagined many stereotypical things about these obese children. For instance, I believed that the obese child got to be how they are from their own good will. I also assumed that the obese child was a lazy individual with no sense of direction, simply an individual with no discipline and with low self-esteem. I thought of them as being eating machines with no self-control. In essences I felt that these obese children have given up in living a normal life (normal being what we as a society consider to be our mainstream). I was completely blinded that the blame should be placed on the child and on the parent for lack of effort in their part to stop the condition of being obese. As I began to do my research on obese children in the Internet, I came to the realization of a tremendous amount of information, which seem to be useless in that specific point of time. The way I began was by choosing a web browser, which there were a few to choose from. I decided to first choose Yahoo, and on Yahoo's searcher I placed the tittle of obese children, which to my surprise gave an enormous amount of sites to go into, in fact it gave me over two-million sites to go into. I began to start reading the tittles to see which one came closer to my need. I began to become enormously frustrated with the search because none of the tittles that I read was to my liking. Further and further I went and yet no paradise and finally I came to a tittle that interested me, but to my regret the site was not what I needed. Finally, after my disillusion of not finding what I wanted i... ... stereotypes came crumbling down. Yes, it may seem that we are trying to find a way to blame someone or something else for being overweight, but that is not the case because children are just not active any more and if that inactivity continues we are just asking for many problems to come in the future. Works Cited Belfry, John. Child & Family. "Canadian Children Face Activity and Fitness Crisis" http://www.cfc.ca/docs/00000946.html12/1/98 Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness. "Fitness, Activity, and sports participation in the Preschool Child (RE9265)" http://www.aap.org/policy/05043.htm12/1/98 Gidding, Samuel S. MD. AHA Medical/Scientific Statement. "Understanding Obesity in Youth" http://www.amhrt.org/Scientific/statements/1998/1202.html#B18 12/2/98 Life Skills for Vocational Success. http://www.workshopsinc.com/manual/Chp6/1.html 12/2/98

Nuclear Weapons

The invention of nuclear weaons has been one of the most significant events in the history of humanity. It not only changed the conduct of military warfare, but also completely transformed the geo-political equation by placing humanity’s level of control on its own future through coming in possession of such omni potent means that could wipe out every form of life from earth overnight. The memories of the atomic attack on the Hiroshima and Nagasaki have lived as a constant reminder of the supreme havoc that atomic bombs can inflict. These memories are reinforced further by the repeated instances of nuclear testing and research into the production of atomic weapons that are much more powerful and lethal in comparison of their predecessors. The pursuance of the research into atomic and nuclear weapons, or the weapons of mass destruction, has created a deep ideological and political divide in the world. On the one hand are people supporting nuclear weapons, arguing them as essential tools   to maintain prospects of global peace and also as means to ensure the safety of nations possessing them. While on the other side are people, who see nuclear weapons inherently as a threat to the survival of mankind and campaigning for a world without fear and apprehensions; for a world of the post nuclear age where the veil of the threat of an impending catastrophe is forever lifted over. This paper shall look into the debate on the nuclear policy and relevance of nuclear weapons as a medium to ensure global peace, while critically evaluating the arguments presented on both the sides. It shall also look into the prospects of a nuclear free world and the visions such world entails for humanity. Constructing a nuclear doctrine The debate on the feasibility and utility of nuclear weapons has raged since the day the first military use of nuclear weapons was reported on 6th August, 2006   (Katz, 1987). The standard argument of the advocates of nuclear doctrine have centered on the deterrent effect of the nuclear weapons against any potential attack or threat of aggression (Franklin, 1991). One of the most frequently cited example is that of role played by nuclear weapons in bringing a swift end to the Second World War, with minimum possible casualty in the process (Graham, 2005). They validly argue that without the strikes, Japan would have continued to fight till the last man down, taking up the number of casualties on both sides as well as war expenditures to enormous levels (Franklin, 1991). Since then, the nuclear doctrine has been religiously incorporated in the defense strategy of every major nation, with immense literature created to cite the absolutely necessity and inevitability of nuclear weapons as the only possibly way to ensure global peace and a war free world (Franklin, 1991). Post the end of the Cold War proponents of the nuclear policy have further argued the necessity of effective nuclear policy, especially in the view of the dangers posted by spilling of nuclear weapons in the hands of some of the non responsible nations (Graham, 2005). However, the doctrine of nuclear deterrence has been severely arraigned by the critics for its short comings and narrow visions that it take of subtlety of world geo-politics and the overly simplistic way in which it treats the question of deterrence and global peace (Gottemoeller, 2002 ). Nuclear policy and the race on building up nuclear arsenal have been criticized from ethical, moral, political, practical and strategic point of view over more than half a century, especially in the context of the modern history of humanity that has been torn apart by unimaginable horrors of wars and genocide in the 20th century (Muller, 2004). Thinkers, intellectuals and scientists and many military strategists have strongly argued for a nuclear free world, based on the strong premises that peace is impossible to achieve from those tools that have capacity to utterly destroy life (Cimbala and Scouras, 2002; Cortright, 1999). Their argument is persuasive to reason as it is ironical as a concept and theory to achieve peace by destruction. The only probable way by which nuclear weapons can bring peace is through complete annihilation of people, creating a world where no life would exists to conflict and compete. Even the history of the post nuclear world does not inspire any confidence in the effectiveness of nuclear weapons as a deterrent (Graham, 2005). In more than sixty years after the end of Second World War, innumerable conflicts and at least three wars of international proportion, involving nations equipped with nuclear power have belied the theory that nuclear weapons can act as any potential deterrent to wars (Cimbala and Scouras, 2002). It only creates a danger in escalation of threats of nuclear arm race, where nations without nuclear weapons are trying to possess these coveted means of mass destruction, to create a world of nuclear mutual self destruction (Franklin, 2002). It’s a fact that technology can not be limited as a prerogative to a limited number of nations, as the this dangerous technology spreads out, there are every possible chances that it can be utilized by at some point of time, by some irresponsible and unaccountable regime to create a havoc of unparalleled magnitude (Muller, 2004). The theory of nuclear deterrence also looses its credibility in the face of rise of terrorism as the new danger facing the new world (Graham, 2005). Nuclear deterrence did not act as any deterrent to the attack on the World Trade Centers in 2001, or in London bombing in 2006. On the contrary they create a new and infinitely more powerful threat where possible proliferation of nuclear weapons to terrorist groups can jeopardize the entire concept of national defense strategies of many nations. Conclusion Nuclear weapons can not act as means to achieve global peace. They are weapons of mass destruction, weapons that can kill hundred of thousands of people instantly, razing civilizations to dust, leaving behind death and a scarred earth that would be inhabitable for many generations. This trail of death can not be a harbinger of peace. Global peace can only be achieved by systematic end of nuclear arsenals, and strictly banning the research, testing and possession of nuclear weapons. Reference H. Bruce Franklin. 1991.The Nightmare Considered: Critical Essays on Nuclear War Literature.: Nancy Anisfield – editor. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. Bowling Green, OH. Gottemoeller. Rose. 2002. Tactical Nuclear Weapons: Time for Control. Taina Susiluoto – editor. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. Place of Publication: Geneva. Milton S. Katz. 1987. Ban the Bomb: A History of SANE, the Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy. Praeger. New York. Richard R. Muller. 2004. Getting Mad: A Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice. Henry D. Sokolski – editor. Strategic Studies Institute. Carlisle Barracks, PA. Stephen J. Cimbala and Scouras, J.   2002. A New Nuclear Century: Strategic Stability and Arms Control. Praeger. Westport, CT. Thomas Graham Jr. 2005. Sixty Years After Hiroshima, A Nuclear Era. Current History. Research Library Core. David Cortright. 1999. Ban the Bomb. Sojourner. Humanities Module.   

International Journal and Communication Technology Research

Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org Cloud Computing for Academic Environment Ajith Singh. N1, M. Hemalatha2 2 Department of Computer Science, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India Department of Software Systems & Research, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India 1 ABSTRACT In traditional computing, we install software programs on system (computer) update the hardware as per our requirements.Documents we create or save are stored in our computer. Documents are accessible on our own network, but they can’t be accessed by computers outside the network. Using of cloud computing, the software programs aren’t run from one’s personal computer, but are rather stored on servers accessed via the Internet. Cloud Computing provides resources and capabilities of Information Technology (e. g. , applications, storages, communi cation, collaboration, infrastructure) via services offered by CSP (cloud service provider).Cloud Computing has various characteristics as shared infrastructure, self-service, pay-per use model, dynamic and virtualized, elastic and scalable. Cloud computing in academic environment will be benefitted by every student and staff where lots of collaboration and safety of data is needed in academic. Academic has various departments and many semesters where lots of students need to access the computing a need for highly available up-to-date software and hardware is must. Cloud computing has the capacity of scaling and elasticity which is perfect for such an environment.Keywords: Cloud Computing, Web service, Virtualization, Grid Computing, Virtual Computing Lab, higher education institutions I. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing growth has taken all the attention of various communities like researches, student, business, consumer and government organization. Big data is the main reason for comi ng of cloud computing in the show, everyday lots of data in the size of PETA bytes are uploaded in the digital world which required lots of storage and computing resources.Cloud Computing is a marketing term which is also known as utility computing deliver the service as software, platform and infrastructure as a service in pay-as-you-go model to consumers. Berkeley report says on this services as â€Å"Cloud computing, the long held dream of computing as a utility, has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service. Education has been gradually expanded, and the education object has slowly turned to social staff.The teaching method from black board to online is growing fast than ever. An online tutor which helps has to take class in any hour is an advance of learning using technology. E-learning and online solution is what we required in education environment. With the increasing number in receiving education, a series of new problems have emerged. For example: As teaching methods change, the existing teaching-learning methods cannot meet demand; and with the constant expansion of education, the existing teaching facilities also need to constantly update.When Cloud Computing appears, it provides a new solution to establish a unified, open and flexible network teaching platform and reduce the hardware input [10]. Internet is the resource where we can transform cloud computing, it can deliver the most advanced software and educational materials, hardware resources and services to students and educators in even the most impoverished or remote school districts in the state, without the need for advanced IT expertise at those locations. At the same point, it does more for significantly less, providing needed relief for currently strained education budgets [12].IT companies are eager to encourage educational adoption of cloud computing; for example, Google Apps for Education Suite comprises Google Mail , Calendar, Talk, Docs, Sites and Video with zero cost and without advertisements [1], According to a Forrester cost analysis [9], Google Apps is more effective than a Microsoft Exchange e-mail. Based on CSU research, the costs of software licensing, server hardware and staffing to support 50,000 users by using Microsoft Exchange e-mail (the number of undergraduate e-mail accounts at CSU) would be $9,774,000 per year [2].The cost of Google Apps for businesses is $50 per user per year, or with 50,000 users, $2,500,000 per year. The cost of Google Apps Education Edition, however, is $0 per year [2]. As we can see from this example, the industrial cloud computing solution for the educational institution already gave an estimated savings from about $9,774,000 per year to $2,500,000 per year in the â€Å"businesses version† or to zero cost of licensing and equipment in the â€Å"educational version†.Taking into account the last two examples, we can see that both approaches, industrial (or commercial) and non-commercial cloud computing solutions can be successfully employed within educational institutions and another example, IBM launched IBM Cloud Academy that 97 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org s provide a global forum for educators, researchers and IT professionals from education industry to pursue cloud computing initiatives, develop skill and share best practices for reducing operating costs while improving quality and access to education. In this way users do not need to buy a server, only need to purchase related â€Å"services† can create an efficient network teaching platform [10]. Using of cloud computing in academicians in universities are not aware of benefits and characteristic of minimizing the cost of cloud computing.From an ITmanagement view, it radically reduces resource man agement costs —including electric power, cooling and system management personnel, while driving up the utilization of servers and software licenses, which in turn reduces purchasing requirements [12]. Lab Problem The maintenance of dozens of computers in the labs becomes a burden for the system administrator. This paper proposed diskless cluster computing environment in a computer classroom and the development of teaching network management system in computer classroom.In this paper we discuss the â€Å"Cloud Computing† paradigm and characteristics, service and deployment models, implementations of cloud services at universities, and various opportunities and benefits of Cloud Computing for universities & academic institutions. Finally, we suggest a design prototype of Cloud Computing for Academic Environment. IV. Benefits of Cloud Computing †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Reduced implementation and maintenance costs Increased mobility for a glo bal workforce Flexible and scalable infrastructures Quick time to market IT department transformation (focus on innovation vs.Maintenance and implementation) â€Å"Greening† of the data center Increased availability of high-performance applications to small/medium-sized businesses [3] Cloud Computing II. RELATED WORKS Invent of Internet changes the way we use of computer. From mail to shopping we all depend on this huge group of network computer. Cloud computing has entirely changes what the internet means. Powerful of desktop application is available on net and storage is available online wherever we go from any device. ELearning and web 2. 0 learning totally changes of education system.Teacher and student work together in online project not in school or colleges but from home also. Teaching has never been easy without cloud computing [10]. Definitions of cloud is defined by many expert, but the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) definition is a generally accepted standard: â€Å"Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (such as networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. 4 More simply, a cloud can be considered to be a collection of hardware, software and other resources that can be accessed over the Internet, and used to assemble a solution on demand (that is, at the time of the request) to provide a set of services back to the requester. When analyzed the definitions, there is a consensus on few key points; (1) Cloud Computing ensure on-demand access to a pool of computing resources, (2) dynamically scalable services, (3) device and media independency, and (4) easier maintenance of applications due to do not need to be installed on users’ computers.Cloud computing should be elasticity and scalability. Figure (1) [5], adapted [4] shows six phases of computing paradigms, from dummy terminals/mainframes, to PCs, networking computing, to grid and cloud computing. In phase 1, many users shared powerful mainframes using dummy terminals. In phase 2, stand-alone PCs became powerful enough to meet the majority of users’ needs. In phase 3, PCs, laptops, and servers were connected together through local networks to share resources and increase performance.In phase 4, local networks were connected to other local networks forming a global network such as the Internet to utilize remote applications and resources. In phase 5, grid computing provided shared computing power and storage through a distributed computing. III. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH Students’ learning is no longer confined within the classroom in the era of e-learning 2. 0[11]. The environment of IT education could be improved to let student access learning resources anywhere. IGNOU (Indira Gandhi national Open University) is the good exa mple of e-learning.The free software can be adopted for constructing the cloud computing service for the environment of IT like OpenOffice. org such as word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations. Only a browser is needed for students to connect to the cloud computing service for learning. 98 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org Figure 2. Cloud computing service models VI. CLOUDS COMPUTING IN UNIVERSITIESA Cloud-computing service that will let universities and colleges build custom private clouds that can be integrated into public cloud services [10]. Three main factors interests in Cloud Computing: 1) rapid decrease in hardware cost and increase in computing power and storage capacity, and the advent of multi-core architecture and modern supercomputers consisting of hundreds of thousands of cores; 2) the exponentially growing data size in scientific instrumentation/simulation and Internet publishing and archiving; and 3) the widespread adoption of Services Computing and Web 2. applications. For example, a university student taking a college math course could access a cloud from his or her door room, to obtain a physical or virtual server (with the necessary storage) and a copy of Maple or MATLAB software running on it to use for homework or a class project. Likewise, an elementary school teacher could access the same cloud to request one virtual machine for each of his or her students running Mathmedia software, as part of his or her classroom instructional activities [12]. Figure 1. Six computing paradigms Image source: smart-cloud-computing. logspot. com V. CLOUD PLATFORMS AND SERVICE DEPLOYMENT MODELS A. Essential Cloud Characteristics ? On-demand self-service ? Broad network access ? Resource pooling ? Location independence ? Rapid elasticity ? Measured service B. Cloud Service Models ? Software as a Service (SaaS) ? Use provider’s applications over a network ? Platform as a Service (PaaS) ? Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud ? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ? Rent processing, storage, network capacity C. Cloud Deployment Models ? Public-Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure ?Private-enterprise owned or leased ? Hybrid-composition of two or more clouds ? Community-shared infrastructure for specific community VII. PRIVATE CLOUD FOR UNIVERSITIES Private cloud (also called internal cloud or corporate cloud) is a marketing term for a proprietary computing architecture that provides hosted services to a limited number of people behind a firewall. Advances in virtualization and distributed computing have allowed corporate network and datacenter administrators to effectively become service providers that meet the needs of their â€Å"customers† within the corporation.Marketing media that uses the words â€Å"private cloud† is designed to a ppeal to an organization that needs or wants more control over their data than they can get by using a third-party hosted service such as Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) or Simple Storage Service 99 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org (S3) [6]. Fig. 3 Represent the private cloud of an organization. be enabling on university campus to safeguard of student, staff, and lecture data. Business Applications Figure 3: Example of Private cloud in organizations Hosted in the cloud are probably the most promising cloud service and the most interesting topic for computer science education because it can give businesses the option to pay as they go while providing the big-impact benefit of the latest technology advancements [7]. The involvement of students in such type of projects with real customers is mutually beneficial to students, fa culty and businesses. †¢ Personal Productivity Applications VIII. PROPOSED EDUCATIONAL CLOUD INFRASTRUCTER PROTOTYPEDesign of Cloud Infrastructure needed the following service and application †¢ Collaboration Application Moving email and PIM (personal information manager) to managed service providers. IDC says that 67 percent of survey respondents believe collaboration applications such as email, chat, conferencing and collaborative file sharing solutions such as SharePoint are a great fit for the cloud because they reduce costs in the short term [7]. For collaboration application GMAIL apps come in handy without any charges. For our International conference I have uploaded spreadsheet for collaboration work here any person involves in maintaining the office work is done online. †¢ Web Serving CIchannelinsider. com predicts that hosted mobile applications through carriers and mobile software providers as well as document-editing applications like those from DataViz an d Quick office are also expected to gain traction [7]. Mobile phone is widely used among student and staff application or service develop in university campus can be used in mobile device also which means every time we are connected to university campus. A university mini Facebook would be a great deal to share and update news among the student and staff.IX. SUGGESTED ACADEMIC ENVIRONEMNT CLOUD Moving web servers, management and analytic tools to the cloud is also at the top of the prioritized list, because this will reduce maintenance costs and reliance on subscription models as well as improve rapidness of deployment [7]. Cloud Sever is the key part of the computing platform to ensure its scalability. All the resource can be store at this cloud server which includes online videos, audios, pictures, and course wares etc. This web server infrastructure in cloud computing can share resources for educational and research purposes. Cloud Backup Some companies like Asigra are moving dis aster recovery and back-up to the cloud. As IDC says, in spite of cloud security concerns, 60 percent of enterprises are still considering moving back-up off-site to the cloud to protect against natural disasters, IT mishaps, power outages and other unforeseen catastrophic events [7]. Drop Box is a free service to take back up of our data in cloud environment it enable synchronize with any device wherever drop box is install. A cloud backup service can The study aims to suggest a cloud environment for academic purposes.Academic environment is where lots of computer is uses and many of them are not in use which lead to malfunction of computer and maintenance is highly complicated due to lack of staff. The propose cloud computing environment will be of storage infrastructure, development platform, and software delivering. Changing of hardware resources and lots of storage capacity is required in academic environment computing lab [11]. Many universities and colleges started using thin client technology to reduce the cost but thin client is not suitable for high performance computing.Office applications, programming language, and multimedia developing courses are not only for IT department but too many departments also. Also every year, the new versions of applications were used for courses with respect to the needs of industry. As a natural result of this progress, new software cause new hardware costs [11]. Installing and maintaining will be free from everyone. Whenever any new software appears many of hardware don’t support and everyday many bytes of storage are required where loss of data is very high due to improper handling of computer by many student. Student mistakenly or unknowingly deletes other data.By using cloud computing in academic environment collaboration among the staff and student will be more like using Google docs or any other private 100 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communicatio n Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org collaboration design on office 635. Cloud Computing will be of great help. By giving a virtual machine to everyone and a secure password student and staff will work on their own virtual machine and if anything happens will only crash the virtual machine not the entire system.Below Fig. 4 represents the proposed cloud computing for academic environment. By this way, lecturers will focus their basic tasks and not lose their workforce. With this cloud computing environment student can work from their lab as well from home. Where there data and application will be available always. [2] Dan R. Herrick. 2009. Google this! : using Google apps for collaboration and productivity. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGUCCS fall conference on User services conference (SIGUCCS '09). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 55-64. DOI=10. 1145/1629501. 1629513 http://doi. acm. rg/10. 1145/1629501. 1629513 [3] Rittinghouse,J. W. , & Ransome,J. F. (2010). Cloud Computing Implementation, Management, and Security. New York: Taylor and Francis Group. [4] http://www. cmlab. csie. ntu. edu. tw/~jimmychad/CN20 11/Readings/CloudComputingNewWine. pdf [5] Furht,B. , and Escalante,A. (2010). Handbook of Cloud Computing. New York: Springer http://searchcloudcomputing. techtarget. com/definition /private-cloud [6] http://www. channelinsider. com/c/a/CloudComputing/Top-5-Cloud-Applications-for-2010319995/? kc=EWWHNEMNL02262010STR2Cloud computing. http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Cloud_computinghttp://w ww. google. com/a/help/intl/en/admins/pdf/forrester_cl oud_email_cost_analysis. pdf [7] Khmelevsky,Y. , and Voytenko,V. (2010). Cloud Computing Infrastructure Prototype for University Education and Research. Proceedings of the 15th Western Canadian Conference on Computing Education. Kelowna, Canada: ACM. [8] Personalized and self regulated learning in the Web 2. 0 era: International exemplars of innovative pedagogy using social software, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 2010, 26(1), 28-43 [9] http://code. google. om/appengine/docs/whatisgooglea ppengine. html [10] The Research and Application of Network Teaching Platform Based on Cloud Computing, Zhang Tao and Jiao Long, International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, August 2011 [11] Cloud Computing For Distributed University Campus: A Prototype Suggestion, Mehmet Fatih Erkoc, Serhat Bahadir Kert, http://www. pixelonline. net/edu_future/common/download/Paper_pdf/ ENT30-Erkoc. pdf [12] The Transformation of Education through State Education Clouds, www. ibm. com/ibm/files/N734393J24929X18/EBW0 3002-USEN-00. df Figure 4: Academic Cloud Computing Image source: Erkoc. pdf http://www. pixel-online. net/edu_future/common/download/Paper_pdf/ENT30- X. CONCLUSION Cloud computing is a solution to many problem of computing. Even we are in IT ages complication of computing has created much disaster to computer world. Lots of crisis has happen in business world as well as in academic environment. Data security, storage, processing power is limited while using traditional computing. Data are also in risk and not available all time. But by using of cloud computing the entire problem is solve.Computer in academic environment must have the latest hardware and software. Due to cost many couldn’t fulfill the availability of resource to student and staff by using cloud computing in academic environment we can solve all the issue. Cloud computing is new technology suitable for any environment. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We thank Karpagam University for motivating and encouraging doing our Research work in a Successful. REFERENCES [1] Behrend,T. S. , Wiebe,E. N. , London,J. E. , and Johnson,E. C. (2011). Cloud computing adoption and usage in community colleges. Behavior & Information Technology, 30 (2), 231–240. 101